RUSSWURM

    LaTeX Overview

    Just an overview and a reference to the most used functions.

    Simple formulars

    Just write the symbols, like a = b : \[a=b\]

    Power of x by using the ^-sign. Like a^2+b^2=c^2: \[a^2+b^2=c^2\]

    Subscript and superscript by using _ and ^, like a_1^2=b_1^2+c_1^2: \[a_1^2=b_1^2+c_1^2\]

    Grouping of symbols is done by curly brackets, like a_{ij}^{kl}: \[a_{ij}^{kl}\]

    Grouping can be used for larger strings as well, like a_{index}^{matrix-counter}: \[a_{index}^{matrix-counter}\]

    Fractions are done with the keyword \frac{}{}, where the brackets are the two parts, like \frac{1}{2} or \frac{a+b}{c+d}: \[\frac{1}{2} \text{ or } \frac{a+b}{c+d}\]

    Text within the formular is done by \text{}, like a^2 \text{ or } b^2: \[a^2 \text{ or } b^2\]

    Summarize some stuff with \sum_x^y{}, like \sum_{i=0}^{x}{x_i}: \[\sum_{i=0}^{x}{x_i}\]

    Depending on the math forumular beeing a block (display mode like above) or being in inline mode, it looks slightly different, like the sum from before is \(\sum_{i=0}^{x}{x_i}\) in inline style.


    There are no spaces so you need to use \, for a short space, \: for a medium space and \; for a wide space, or a \! for reducing the space. Take this example: a+b\,+\:c\;+d\!x: \[a+b\,+\:c\;+d\!x\]

    The square root is done with \sqrt{}, like \sqrt{2}=1.414 or c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}: \[\sqrt{2}=1.414 \text{ or } c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\]

    The n-th root is done by specifying an addition square(!) bracket, like \sqrt[6]{x+5}: \[\sqrt[6]{x+5}\]

    Overlines and underlines are done like \overline{a^2+b^2} or \underline{a^2+b^2}: \[\overline{a^2+b^2}\] or \[\underline{a^2+b^2}\]

    A hat can be done over a symbol or over a whole group, like \hat{a} and \widehat{a^2+b^2}: \[\hat{a} \text{ and } \widehat{a^2+b^2}\]

    Integrating some stuff is simply done by using \int_0^{\infty}{x \cdot dx}: \[\int_0^{\infty}{x \cdot dx}\]

    A nice integral with the combination of multiple options (btw it is the Gaussian integral) \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-\frac{1}{2}t^2}dt = \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}: \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-\frac{1}{2}t^2}dt = \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\]

    Creating the products over a range, like \prod_{i=0}^{10}{x_i}: \[\prod_{i=0}^{10}{x_i}\]

    The limes is done by \lim_{h-0}{\frac{f(x)}{h}}: \[\lim_{h-0}{\frac{f(x)}{h}}\]

    Klammern kann man direkt verwenden oder mit \left und \right angeben. \[{[(a+b)^2]^x}-3\]

    General and Logic Symbols

    Some symbols that are useful for logic operations.

    \(\cup\) : \cup
    \(\cap\) : \cap
    \(\cdot\) : \cdot
    \(\circ\) : \circ
    \(\mp\) : \mp
    \(\pm\) : \pm
    \(\odot\) : \odot
    \(\oplus\) : \oplus
    \(\ominus\) : \ominus
    \(\otimes\) : \otimes
    \(\times\) : \times
    \(\sqcup\) : \sqcup
    \(\sqcap\) : \sqcap
    \(\star\) : \star
    \(\vee\) : \vee
    \(\wedge\) : \wedge
    \(\times\) : \times


    Relation Symbols

    Some symbols that are useful for relationships.

    \(\approx\) : \approx
    \(\sim\) : \sim
    \(\equiv\) : \equiv
    \(\in\) : \in
    \(\napprox\) : \napprox
    \(\owns\) : \owns
    \(\parallel\) : \parallel
    \(\mid\) : \mid
    \(\neq\) : \neq
    \(\le\) : \le
    \(\ge\) : \ge
    \(\ll\) : \ll
    \(\gg\) : \gg


    Greek Letters

    Greek alphabet for LaTeX, more info on Wikipedia.

    \(\alpha\) \(A\) : \alpha A
    \(\beta\) \(B\) : \beta B
    \(\gamma\) \(\Gamma\) : \gamma \Gamma
    \(\delta\) \(\Delta\) : \delta \Delta
    \(\epsilon\) \(\varepsilon\) \(E\) : \epsilon \varepsilon E
    \(\zeta\) \(Z\) : \zeta Z
    \(\eta\) \(H\) : \eta H
    \(\theta\) \(\vartheta\) \(\Theta\) : \theta \vartheta \Theta
    \(\iota\) \(I\) : \iota I
    \(\kappa\) \(K\) : \kappa K
    \(\lambda\) \(\Lambda\) : \lambda \Lambda
    \(\mu\) \(M\) : \mu M
    \(\nu\) \(N\) : \nu N
    \(\xi\) \(\Xi\) : \xi \Xi
    \(\omicron\) o \(O\) : \omicron o O
    \(\pi\) \(\Pi\) : \pi \Pi
    \(\rho\) \(\varrho\) \(P\) : \rho \varrho P
    \(\sigma\) \(\Sigma\) : \sigma \Sigma
    \(\tau\) \(T\): \tau T
    \(\upsilon\) \(\Upsilon\) : \upsilon \Upsilon
    \(\phi\) \(\varphi\) \(\Phi\) : \phi \varphi \Phi
    \(\chi\) \(x\) \(X\) : \chi x X
    \(\psi\) \(\Psi\) : \psi \Psi
    \(\omega\) \(\Omega\) : \omega \Omega


    Accent Symbols

    \(\acute{a}\) : \acute{a}
    \(\bar{a}\) : \bar{a}
    \(\breve{a}\) : \breve{a}
    \(\dot{a}\) : \dot{a}
    \(\grave{a}\) : \grave{a}
    \(\hat{a}\) : \hat{a}
    \(\ddot{a}\) : \ddot{a}
    \(\mathring{a}\) : \mathring{a}


    Useful Symbols

    \(\emptyset\) : \emptyset
    \(\infty\) : \infty Infinity
    \(\checkmark\) : \checkmark


    More Symbols

    An extremely detailed list of symbols can be found over here: The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List